2023. 5. 15. 00:15
esp1-605
The final question is this: Do we really have to go to Mars, spending such enormous resources and risking people's lives? That is a reasonable question. Experts answer by mentioning two kinds of benefits Martian exploration may bring: practical benefits and a sense of our shared destiny as the human race. Practical benefits are economic, educational, and political. Space travel stimulates industry and draws people into careers in science and engineering. And while space exploration is a collaboration between countries to cover its high cost, having a space program raises any country's standing on the world stage. A sense of our shared destiny as the human race can be understood when considering the increasingly exhausted resources on Earth. We humans need to find ways to survive before we consume all the available resources on Earth. That is our shared destiny. Martian exploration can be seen as a step toward a human presence on another planet. It is not an easy but a worthy dream for humanity. "You can't really measure the value," says a scientist involved in a Martian project. "If money is our only concern, everyone would study business. But we also want to give meaning to our lives. That's why dreams and passion appeal to humanity."

리마실전-401
Late at night Dave had gone down to the beach to see if everything was all right with his boat. As he came back up the small path leading to his cabin, he suddenly heard a banging noise. A chill ran down his spine. Slowly, he walked towards it and pointed his flashlight in that direction. The light fell onto a bear in front of the cabin, carefully searching the garbage can for remainders of food. He went to his car, started it and slowly drove towards the animal. The headlights were focused on the bear, which seemed not to be bothered in the least. Then Dave honked his horn until the bear finally ran away. After the animal disappeared into the darkness, Dave exhaled deeply. After he managed to go in the cabin and lock the door, he slumped onto the floor.

리마실전-402
Over the last couple of decades it has been agreed that inflammation in the body plays an important role in the accumulation of blocked arteries. To prove this, Richard Watt and his team analyzed data from over 11,000 adults who took part in the Scottish Healthy Survey. The results showed that their oral health behaviors were generally good, with 62% of participants saying they visit the dentist every six months, and 71% reporting that they brush their teeth twice a day. Once the data were adjusted for established heart disease risk factors such as social class, obesity, smoking and family history of heart disease, the authors found that individuals who reported less frequent toothbrushing had a 70% higher risk of heart disease compared to individuals who brushed their teeth twice a day, although the overall risk remained quite low.

리마실전-403
The fact that construction is a project-based industry is an important issue. When attempting to manage a dynamic, changing environment, such as a construction site, it should be kept in mind that there needs to be an appropriate organization structure to deal with the changing nature of the project. As it moves from design to construction, and as problems arise (such as late delivery of materials) on a day-to-day basis, there is a need for rapid decision- making and a flexible form of organization. This engenders a free, independent spirit in construction site workers and has, traditionally, led to a disregard for authority. In many cases, this disregard has been taken too far and caused problems.

리마실전-404
In the language of urban design, a place is legible if it is easy to make sense of. Places can also be intelligible if they are well connected to other places, either visually or topographically. An intelligible place can tell you a lot about the rest of the space and allow you to think about your route. Large supermarkets make a virtue of being unintelligible, allowing them to lead shoppers precisely where they want them to go. The whole point of mazes is that they are both unintelligible and illegible; cities and public buildings should be the very opposite, though always allowing for corners of mystery and intrigue. Libraries seem to struggle on both measures, perhaps because there are so many ways you can stack books. Among the exceptions to this rule is the British Library in London, whose reading rooms adjoin a vast atrium; you only have to look up to know where you are.

Posted by Wayne Im
2023. 5. 15. 00:15
esp1-406
People Build Trust and Make Connections. Stella is a retired designer who started a second life as a host to international travelers. When her husband passed away, she came down with depression. She started to share the room her husband used to occupy. Meeting new people from all over the world helped her recover from her grief. Now she enjoys telling her guests stories about the neighborhood and preparing them delicious local breakfasts, trying to make them feel at home. She has made friends with many guests and stays in touch with some of them. For sociable souls, meeting new people is a big part of the charm. In the age of "virtual" everything, more and more things are possible without ever meeting face to face with other people. But sharing assumes human interaction by its definition and appeals to the basic human needs for community. The core of a sharing economy is people directly dealing with each other, so trust between the parties involved is essential. Social network services play an important role, giving information on participants. Safety issues are important when dealing with strangers. Along with the background checks carried out by platform providers, online reviews and ratings are usually posted by both parties. The remarkable thing is how well the system usually works.

esp1-601
In 1969, the spacecraft Apollo 11 landed humans on the moon for the very first time in history. The world has had to wait for half a century since then before seriously considering going to Mars. The delay has been because Mars is simply too far from Earth, and we have had only limited knowledge about it. With the development of science and technology over the last several decades, projects involving landing a human on Mars have begun. With many industrialized countries participating in those projects in one form or another, scientists are making progress, but big challenges still remain.

esp1-602
Because Mars is more than 100 times farther than the moon from Earth, reaching Mars requires serious hardware including a powerful rocket equipped with extremely fast computers. For this purpose, a new generation of spacecraft is being designed and built at the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) of the United States. Even with such powerful rockets, however, a round trip to Mars would be difficult because it would take six months to go there. Even when the two planets are closest in their orbits, a round trip would take at least one year. Today's rockets and spacecraft cannot hold enough fuel for such an extended journey. While scientists are working to get around this problem, a European company has come up with a plan to launch a one-way trip with four astronauts to Mars, with additional crews joining them every two years to form a colony. The world will have to wait several years to see if the plan works.

esp1-603
Humans need water, food, and oxygen to survive. We have much more to learn about Mars, although much has already been discovered. The most exciting finding about Mars is water, one of the most vital ingredients for life. NASA scientists have confirmed that Mars once had more water than the Antarctic Ocean and to this day some of it is locked up in Martian polar ice caps. Scientists are trying to find effective ways to get water from the ice. The next thing humans require is food. To produce food on Mars, we need special farming technologies. We can apply a special growing system that has been tested on the International Space Station (ISS). Of course, farming in space is not easy. Plants can be grown in space, but they require very careful management of gases, water, and dirt. On Mars, the challenge will be more complex than on the ISS. In addition to recovering water that is locked up in ice, the poor quality of the soil and the weak gravity of Mars need to be overcome. Therefore, success in farming on Mars might take decades or even centuries. Until then, food could be printed by three-dimensional (3D) food printers. With proteins and carbohydrates from various sources such as insects and leaves, 3D food printers can print pizzas and bread, among other foods. A scientist at NASA predicts that there will be 25 to 50 basic food items. "We're not planning for food at fancy restaurants, but just healthy and nutritious meals," he says. As for oxygen, plants might be used to produce it, and human waste might be recycled to provide nutrients for the plants. Until there would be enough plants to produce sufficient amount of oxygen, NASA plans to use specially designed machines to convert the carbon dioxide in the Martian air into oxygen.

esp1-604
Another important issue involved in going to and living on Mars is our health. Our bodies work differently in space. On Earth, gravity drags bodily fluids downwards, but in space this does not happen. The heart has to work harder during space travel and on Mars to compensate for the weak or zero gravity. In addition, weightlessness in space weakens bones and muscles. Astronauts on the ISS do a lot of exercise to avoid these problems, with additional help from drugs and artificial gravity from a spinning device. Similar measures will be used on Mars. One great threat to our body in space and on Mars is cosmic radiation. When we are outside the protection of Earth's air and magnetic field, we are exposed to cosmic radiation that damages our DNA and increases our risk for cancer. The plan proposed so far is to cover space vehicles with radiation blocking materials and to build shelters beneath the surface of Mars.

Posted by Wayne Im
2023. 5. 15. 00:15
esp1-401
The sharing economy is an economic system based on sharing assets or services, for free or for a fee, directly from and between individuals. Named in 2011 by TIME Magazine as one of the 10 ideas that would change the world, the economic model is now transforming the landscape of the world economy. There are five key concepts of the sharing economy. Here you can read about them, along with appropriate case stories casting light on what the sharing economy is and how it works.

esp1-402
Two young men in San Francisco were so poor they could not pay their rent, so they thought to rent out three air mattresses on their floor to people and serve them breakfast. They made a simple website to promote their little bed and breakfast, and three people showed up, each paying $80. After the guests left, they thought this could be a big idea. Now their website offers 250,000 rooms in 30,000 cities in 192 countries. What they started was a whole new business model providing a platform for the sharing economy. The advance of technology brought sharing into economy. Thanks to the Internet and digital technology, now there is much more data about people and things, which makes sharing cheaper and easier than ever. You were able to rent a private room before the Internet, but it was usually more trouble than it was worth. For example, without the Internet, how can you know that somebody has a spare room to your taste in a simple family house? Now, finding a room and booking it is simply a click away. All you need to do is to download an app. The website deals with all the rest, locating the right space and dealing with safety issues, reservations, and payment.

esp1-403
Access Is As Good As Ownership. Hyeonwoo needed to install a new lighting fixture on his ceiling, but a power drill was too expensive to buy only for the occasion. In Hyeonwoo's neighborhood, however, there lived someone that had a power drill but hadn't needed to use it for a long while. A sharing website that matches owners and borrowers in the same area connected the two of them. Hyeonwoo could borrow a power drill from his neighbor, paying a reasonable fee for using it. Without the service, Hyeonwoo would have had no choice but to buy the expensive tool. Now you can access what you need, even when you don't own it, all thanks to the sharing economy. Why pay a lot of money for something when you can rent it more cheaply from other people online? Why own something when you can have access to it without owning it? That is the principle behind a sharing economy that enables people to share cars, accommodations, and other items because now they can get whatever they need whenever they want. The business model of a sharing economy instantly connects owners of underused assets with others willing to pay to use them. Easy access, made possible by Internet technology, is now as good as ownership.

esp1-404
Produce Less, and You Will Waste Less. Seonwha is a computer programmer who works mostly at home but sometimes goes to the office to have meetings. She doesn't own a car, but rents one through a sharing platform whenever she needs a ride to work. But for the sharing service, one more car would be made only to stay still in her garage most of the time. In order to use her car more often, she would drive to places where she usually goes on foot now. She thinks the sharing economy contributes to saving the environment since less car use means reduced CO₂ emissions. Though not primarily driven by environmental goals, the sharing economy brings considerable benefits to the environment. Resources are used more efficiently, which helps save on materials and energy. For example, car sharing services are proven to yield environmentally friendly results. Studies have found that car sharing helped reduce CO₂ emissions significantly. What the sharing economy aspires to is a more sustainable way of utilizing limited resources.

esp1-405
Experience Matters, Not Possession. Jimmy had newly decorated his room and wanted a piece of artwork that fit into the space. Through a website sharing works of art, he picked an artwork to his taste from a wide variety of artists and rented it monthly. When he paints his room a different color, he can return the current piece and rent another. He is not interested in permanent ownership of particular artworks. He simply wants to enjoy art in his daily life. Studies show that experience increases satisfaction far more than acquisitions do, and the new generation that embraces the sharing economy understands it better. For instance, art lovers used to find satisfaction in collecting artworks. Now they have begun to place value on the experience of enjoying them. There are many who appreciate artworks, but have no interest in owning them for good. This benefits the artists as well because they get a monthly income for their artworks that otherwise might be in storage or waiting for their next exhibition. The sharing economy is the experience economy. It is a powerful cultural trend in which people value experiences more than possessions.

Posted by Wayne Im